However, due to emergence of antimicrobial resistance and sepsis connected complications, use of many other antibiotics (either only or in combination) such as cephalosporins, imipenem, vancomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam (PT), amikacin, metronidazole and clindamycin has been recommended in many current international recommendations [15]. Antibiotic resistance is definitely a growing problem worldwide and poses a threat to survival rates from severe infections [16], including neonatal sepsis. characteristics, antibiotic use and its sensitivity pattern, laboratory and microbiological data, and final treatment results. Treatment results included, discharged (with treatment success), leave against medical suggestions (LAMA), discharged on request (DOR) and death. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to find the self-employed factors associated with death. A p-value of less than Rabbit Polyclonal to HEY2 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Among the total 586 individuals, 398 (67.9%) were male, 328 (56%) were preterm, 415 (70.8%) were diagnosed with early onset sepsis, 299 (51%) were born with low birth weight. Most of the individuals (n = 484, 82.6%) were treated with amikacin+cefotaxime at the start of treatment. Tradition was positive in 52 (8.9%) individuals and the most commonly identified bacteria included, varieties (n = 19, 36.5%) followed by (n = 15, 28.5%) and (n = 8, 15.4%). The recognized bacterial isolates showed higher level of resistance against the antibiotics initiated at the start of the treatment, while resistance against piperacillin+tazobactam, imipenem, vancomycin and linezolid was very low. Just under half of the individuals (n = 280, 47.8%) successfully completed the treatment (we.e., discharged with treatment success), while 123 (21%) individuals died during treatment. In multivariable binary logistic regression, the factors which still remained significantly associated with neonatal death included, preterm delivery (AOR 9.59; 95% CI 4.41, 20.84), sub-optimal birth excess weight (AOR 5.13; 95% CI 2.19, 12.04), early onset sepsis (AOR 2.99; 95% CI 1.39, 6.41) and length of hospital stay (AOR 0.76; 95% CI 0.67, 0.88). Summary The mortality rate associated with sepsis was high in our study cohort. The bacterial isolates showed higher level of resistance against the antibiotics started as the empiric therapy. Rational use of antibiotics can decrease the adverse results in neonatal sepsis individuals. Intro Neonatal sepsis is definitely defined as a systemic illness which happens before 28 days of newborns existence [1]. It is manifested by hemodynamic, post-inflammatory and immunosuppressive changes that PF-02575799 can lead to considerable mortality and morbidity [2]. The medical signs and symptoms of neonatal sepsis include, hypothermia or fever, respiratory problems such as apnea and cyanosis, difficulty in feeding, abdominal distension, diarrhea, vomiting, oliguria, lethargy and irritability [2]. On PF-02575799 the basis of onset of symptoms, neonatal sepsis could be either early-onset sepsis (EOS) or late-onset sepsis (LOS). The EOS manifests itself within 1st 72 hours and is vertically transmitted [3]. Whereas, the LOS manifests itself after 72 hours of child birth and is mainly acquired horizontally from the environment [4]. Neonatal sepsis is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, but compared with high income countries, its prevalence and mortality rates are high in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) probably due to poor hygiene and suboptimal methods for illness control [5]. The neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births) in Pakistan offers declined from 55 in 2013 to 42 in 2018 [6, 7], however, it is much higher compared with the developed countries like the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK) and Canada where it is less than 5 per 1000 live births. The neonatal mortality rate in Pakistan is definitely actually much higher than its neighboring countries, for example, India (23 per 1000 PF-02575799 live births), Iran (9 per 1000 live births) and China (4 per 1000 live births) [8]. Compared with the global scenario, Pakistan appears to be lagging behind in achieving the target arranged (12 or fewer neonatal deaths by 2030) from the Every Newborn Action Strategy (ENAP) [9]. Among the known causes of neonatal mortality in Pakistan, sepsis.