Cells were cultured in Dulbeccos Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) media supplemented with 10% (range of 100 to 1200 in the MS mode followed by the target MS/MS mode. Additionally, YLE significantly suppressed ROS formation in HepG2 cells. Conclusions: These findings suggest that YLE is sufficient for application as a promising anti-liver drug in herbal medicine. leaf, HepG2 cells, MTT assay, cell cycle arrest, anti-liver cancer drug, antioxidant 1. Introduction In 2018, liver cancer was the sixth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide [1]. The highest incidence of this cancer can be seen in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and North and Southern Africa [2]. Based on the database of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), there were more than 69,000 new cancer cases in Myanmar in 2018 and liver cancers were in the top 5 in terms of incidence, mortality, and prevalence by cancer site [1]. Currently, the Ministry of Health and Sports from Myanmar supports the implementation of the National Cancer Control Plan, focusing on priority activities and maximizing efforts in line with the respective mandates, priorities, and areas BML-284 (Wnt agonist 1) of expertise of the partner and to achieve better results for cancer prevention, care, and control. Testing, annual screenings, and early intervention for cancers are currently inadequate on many accounts, which include the rise in population, an inadequate supply of drugs, the cost of treatments, the side effects of several synthetic medicines, and increasing resistance to the drugs used. In most rural areas, herbal medicine has been used for decades by traditional practitioners to treat cancer problems. Medicinal plants have long been used in the treatment of liver diseases or BML-284 (Wnt agonist 1) the maintenance of a healthy liver. Yacon, or ((Poepp. & Endl.) H. Rob.), is usually a herb belonging to the Asteraceae family, native to LIF the Andean regions of South America [3]. The herb contents include phenolic acids, flavonoids, and sesquiterpene lactones [4,5]. Yacon has been used as a functional food with multiple beneficial effects on the body, including as an antimicrobial, as an antioxidant, hypolipidemic effects, and probiotic substances [3,6]. The herb was cultivated in Myanmar in the 2000s. It has become increasingly popular as BML-284 (Wnt agonist 1) medicated green tea for diabetes patients and its use is wide-spread. In recent years, Yacon has emerged as a potential anti-cancer agent. Previous in vitro studies indicated that this crude extract of Yacon and the phytochemicals derived from the plants exerted the cytotoxicity against breast cancer [7], colon cancer [7,8], and cervical cancer [9,10]. The anticancer property was attributed to sesquiterpene lactones in Yacon [9,10,11]. In addition, Yacon has been well-known to have antioxidant effects because of an abundant amount of polyphenols, which are found at high quantities in leaves or stems of the herb [6]. Recent studies have indicated that antioxidants might possess anti-tumor and hepatoprotective effects, although the mechanism needs further investigation [12]. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of Yacon leaf extract (YLE) on liver cancer in vitro using hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line, which is the most commonly used in drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity studies. HepG2 cells are nontumorigenic with high proliferation rates and an epithelial-like morphology that performs many differentiated hepatic functions [13]. The medicinal herb is usually of high pharmacological importance, but it is still not reported for its chemotherapeutic potential as an alternative medicine for BML-284 (Wnt agonist 1) liver cancer disease. Our results may provide scientific evidence for the therapeutic potential of this herb, as a functional food, on liver cancer. 2. Results 2.1. Cytotoxicity of YLE by MTT Assay The sample was evaluated for cytotoxic activity on human hepatoma carcinoma cell lines (HepG2), as presented in Physique 1. The results of the MTT assay showed a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability of HepG2 cells while YLE did not affect those of non-tumor HEK 239 cells after 24 h treatment. The calculated IC50 of YLE on HepG2 was 58.2 1.9 g/mL. Open in a separate window Physique 1 Cell viability of HepG2 and HEK 239 cells after being treated with different concentration of YLE. Data are presented as means standard deviation (S.D) (= 3); ** < 0.01 vs. control group. 2.2. YLE Reduces Colony Formation of HepG2 Cells To determine the effect of YLE around the replicative potential and the longer-term viability of liver cancer cells under colony-forming culture conditions, we treated HepG2 cells with various concentrations of the extracts for 24 h or 48 h, then conducted a crystal violet-based clonogenic assay. Data showed that.